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Probabilistic, Global-Search Earthquake Location in 3D Media

An on-line guide to software for probabilistic, non-linear, global-search earthquake location in 3D velocity structures.

The NonLinLoc software is developed supported by

Anthony Lomax
 
Anthony Lomax Scientific Software, Mouans-Sartoux, France

in collaboration with

Jean Virieux Géosciences Azur, Valbonne, France

Philippe Volant and Catherine Berge-Thierry
IRSN (Institut de Radioprotection et de Sureté Nucléaire), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France

This work is supported in part by funding from IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France, and by the European project TomoVes.

NonLinLoc Version 2.37 (14Oct2003)

Most of the NonLinLoc software is distributed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL). (or look at a local copy of the GNU General Public License).

See the NonLinLoc Updates page for a description of New Releases, Updates and Bugs.

Download this NonLinLoc 2.30 software guide in PDF

Previous release: NonLinLoc Version 2.32

 

Contents:


 

Overview

The NonLinLoc (Non-Linear Location) package is a set of programs and utilities for velocity model construction, travel-time calculation and probabilistic, non-linear, global-search earthquake location in 3D structures, and for visualisation of 3D volume data and location results. Many of the programs operate with 3D volumes, usually in the form of a 3D Grid structure which defines a specific, gridded, rectangular volume in space.

See the NLLoc program documentation for a description of the non-linear location inversion approach and algorithms.

See the book chapter Probabilistic earthquake location in 3D and layered models: Introduction of a Metropolis-Gibbs method and comparison with linear locations (Lomax, et al., 2000) for further information on NonLinLoc and for an examination of synthetic 3D and 1D locations.

See the report Comparison of NonLinLoc and linear earthquake locations in a 3D model for an examination of real 3D locations.

 

The Programs

The NonLinLoc package consists of the following programs:
NLLoc Non-Linear Location - Determines the location for one or more events within a 3D Grid using a systematic grid-search, a stochastic, Metropolis-Gibbs search, or a hybrid "Oct-Tree" method. (outputs misfit or probability density function (PDF) on a 3D Grid, PDF samples or "scatter cloud", description of best hypocenter, and other results).

Vel2Grid Velocity model to 3D Model Grid - Given a velocity model description, creates a model grid. (outputs a 3D Grid)
Grid2Time 3D Model Grid to Travel Time Grid - Given a 3D Model Grid, calculates travel times from a point within a 3D Grid to all other points within the grid. Optionally calculates ray take-off angles withing the 3D Grid. (outputs a set of 3D Grids)
Time2EQ Travel Time Grid to Synthetic Observations - Given a hypocenter location and a set of travel time grids, calculated predicted travel times. (outputs a Phase file in NonLinLoc format)

LocSum Location Summation - Utility that combines NLLoc location results and PDF "scatter-cloud" samples from a number of events. (outputs a single set of summary location files)
Grid2GMT Grid to GMT commands - Utility that creates a command script for plotting plotting sections and plan views of 3D Grid files, and misfit, PDF and location "scatter-cloud" results using the GMT plotting package.
Utilities Miscellaneous utility programs - Utilities for conversion between HYPOELLIPSE summary or FPFIT summary formats and NonLinLoc Hypocenter-Phase location format.

In addition, the following analysis and visualiation software suports NonLinLoc event location output formats:

SeismicityViewer Java applet for viewing seismicity in 3D - Interactive, animated, local or Internet-based viewing in 3D of hypocenters, PDF "scatter-clouds", error-ellipses, residuals, geographic data and other information.

 

A Typical Location Run

A typical location run involves:

  1. obtaining seismic phase time picks in a supported format (see Phase File Formats)
  2. determining a 3D search region and velocity model for this region
  3. using Vel2Grid or other software to produce a velocity or slowness model 3D Grid File for the search region for each phase type, (i.e. P or S).
  4. using Grid2Time to produce travel-time and ray take-off angle 3D Grid Files for each phase type at each station
  5. using NLLoc to locate each event defined by the phase picks using a nested grid-search or Metropolis-Gibbs search over a 3D volume
  6. using the utilities LocSum and Grid2GMT or SeismicityViewer to process and plot the location results

 

Getting Started - Download the NonLinLoc Software

NonLinLoc

Version 2.37 (14OCT2003)
- Download the NonLinLoc Software and compile it on your machine: Source code and makefile, or
- Download the NonLinLoc Linux binary executables: Linux binaries

NOTES:

  1. With gcc and Sun Solaris 2.6 on a Sun Workstation I have successfully compiled the NonLinLoc software using the command make distrib. With gcc and Linux(SuSE 6.4) on a PentiumIII PC I have successfully compiled the NonLinLoc software using the command make -R distrib. If you have successfully installed and run the NonLinLoc software on another system, I would appreciate hearing about the details of your hardware, operating system, compiler and compiler flags. Thanks. anthony@alomax.net
  2. Grid2GMT: I have made changes to Grid2GMT to support GMT 3.3.6, though there seems to be bugs or other problems, i.e. the labeling of scale bars is incorrect. If you use an earlier version of GMT, you may need to change the line #define GMT_VER_3_3_4 1 in Grid2GMT to #define GMT_VER_3_3_4 0.

SeismicityViewer

Download the SeismicityViewer java code and class files: SeismicityViewer

 

Try the Sample Location Problem

Version 3.00 (18APR2001) - Download the NonLinLoc Sample Location control and output files: Sample location files

Install and run the Sample Location tutorial to create a velocity grid, calculate travel times and locate an event, and visualise the results results.

 

Give your feedback

Please mail questions, comments or suggestions to anthony@alomax.net

 

Acknowledgements

The utility, quality and evolution of the NonLinLoc software package depends entirely on feedback from its users. Many thanks to the following people for contributions, bug reports, comments and suggestions for the NonLinLoc software:
  • Giuseppe Aliberti: formerly University of L'Aquila, Italy
  • Alexandre Nercession: IPGP, Paris, France
  • Rick Aster: New Mexico Inst Mining and Tech, USA
  • Alberto Michelini: OGS, Trieste, Italy
  • Stephan Husen: ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
  • Mariella Simini: Univ. Naples, Italy
  • Jerry Sweeney: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Calif., USA
  • Laura Sattolo, Paolo Di Bartolomeo: OGS, Udine, Italy
  • Carsten Riedel: University of Hamburg, Germany
  • David Monterroso: Uppsala University,Sweden

 

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This document was last updated 15 Oct 2003.